We are picking up from where we left off in Revelation 2 (I). You’ll see how the first letter we're going to study – the letter to the church of Ephesus - sets the pattern for the rest. Now let’s turn to Chapter 2 Verse 1 and take a look at how these letters work:
Rev. 2:1 “To the angel of the church of Ephesus, write: The one who
holds the seven stars in his right hand, the one who walks among the seven
golden lampstands says this:
Rev. 2:2 ‘I know your deeds and your toil and perseverance, and that
you cannot tolerate evil men, and you put to test those who call themselves
apostles, and they're not, and you found them to be false;
Rev. 2:3 and you have perseverance and have endured for My name’s sake,
and have not grown weary.
Rev 2:4.’But I have this against you, that you have left your first love.
Rev. 2:5 ‘Therefore remember from where you have fallen, and repent and
do the deeds you did at first; or else I'm coming to you and will remove your
lampstand out of its place - unless you repent.
Rev. 2:6 “Yet this you do have, that you hate the deeds of the
Nicolaitans, which I also hate. Rev. 2:7 ‘He who has an ear, let him hear what
the Spirit says to the churches. To him who overcomes, I will grant to eat of
the tree of life, which is in the Paradise of God.”
As mentioned previously, these letters are highly structured, that
is, they're all written in a very similar form and that structure repeats. And
it's what makes the study of these letters actually a little easier because we
can make these comparisons. They're all going to have the names of a city.
They're all going to begin with salutation. Jesus is going to offer things like
commendations, condemnations, exhortations, promises and warnings. And He's
going to offer a promise at the end. So if you take each of these letters apart
according to that structure and you examine them all from the three
perspectives you’ve learned previously, you start to see what Jesus is saying
to the church.
And we're going to do that here. We're always going to start with
a literal historic and we will look at the universal and timeless. And what we
are doing is that we are really trying to understand the perspective of
prophetic, eschatological interpretation. We start with the name, and each of
these cities’ names has a meaning in its original language, and the meaning of
these names turns out to be prophetic for what goes on in the city.
Ephesus was a port city in the Mediterranean on the coast. Its
name means “desirable” or “desired”. And it's one of the chief seaports in the
Roman Empire that connected east and West. Lots of goods would flow through
coming from the West, from Rome, and they would come to that port, get off the
ship and then be brought on land from there to the east, to Constantinople and
beyond. And that tremendous flow of goods through this port helped make the
city very wealthy, for obvious reasons. Seaport brings not just goods. They
bring ships, ships bring sailors, sailors have certain desires. They bring travelers with them and so on and so you can imagine the kind of industry that would grow
up in a city of that type. They had lots of prostitution. They had lots of
bars. They had lots of restaurants and hotels and all the things you need for travelers.
They were also a city that had lots of temples, for false gods and the chief
one being Artemis or Diana. It's one of the seven wonders of the ancient world.
And in the midst of this hustling, bustling city, you have one of
the largest and most influential churches in the first century. It was a church
that counted men like Paul and John and Timothy as leaders in that place, at
different times in history. It's a church that features prominently in Acts.
It's got a letter to it, in the epistles. Timothy was ministering there in the
letters Paul wrote to Timothy. There is probably no other city in the New
Testament that shows up as commonly as Ephesus does.
In the letter, Jesus addresses Himself to the church as the one
with the seven stars in His right hand who walks among the seven golden
lampstands. Now where did you hear that before? Obviously, in Chapter 1. That's
one of the patterns you're supposed to notice. Each of the seven letters takes
some aspect of the description of Christ in Chapter 1 and uses it in the
salutation to the church. Now why? Because in each case, there'll be something
about that salutation that's appropriate to that church. Something about their
situation needed to be reminded of that detail of Jesus. And in this case, He
assigns the symbols of stars and lampstands to the Church of Ephesus and from
your study previously, you should remember what that imagery means.
Stars, we were told, are angels, the seven angels of the churches
and the lampstands represent churches themselves. But here again, 7 – remember that
it means 100%. So we're talking about all the angels over all the churches, And
why are they in the picture with Jesus? What's the sense you get of Jesus
holding them and walking among them? It's a picture of authority. Obviously,
having something in your hand means you control it. The angels work for Jesus,
like everyone. And the one walking around is the one in charge. And that’s
the idea - Jesus in charge of His church. There's something about this church
that needs to know that. It’s a not-so-subtle reminder to Ephesus that Jesus is
in charge. And as we go deeper in the letter that becomes clear.
Next Jesus goes to a commendation of the body. He says, “I
know your toil, I know your deeds. You persevere in doing the deeds that you're
doing.” We don't know what these are, but whatever the work was that they were
keeping busy, Jesus says,” I know you're doing it. I know you're persevering in
it.” And then He says,” I can also know that you do not tolerate evil men who
come calling themselves apostles, but are not”. And they would test those men,
He says and they would find them to be false. So, Jesus commends them for their
commitment to true authority in the church. And then finally, they persevere
and endure for the sake of Christ, He says, and they do so without growing
weary. So that's a good list of commendations, and certainly they seem to be a
good example. And if we move now from the specific historic to something more
general and universal. The application in that case is pretty straightforward.
And that is that every church should test those who come claiming
authority, claiming to know the Bible. If someone comes to you today and says
that they are an apostle, what would you do with that? Well, the test in
Scripture of whether you were an apostle or not is that you possess
supernatural power and you had the authority to write Scripture. And as such,
someone who was an apostle was only appointed as such by a personal appearance
of Jesus Christ.
Every man who has ever called an apostle in the Bible was made so
by Jesus, personally commissioning them. And that means there was a limited
number of such people made. They had specific roles. They were the New
Testament prophets. They wrote the New Testament for us, and they proved their
power as apostle to anyone who might question whether they truly were or not.
They proved it by powers that were unique to apostolic authority.
Peter - people being healed when his shadow was cast on them. Paul
- being able to be bitten by snakes and not die, heal people, raise men from
the dead who fell out of the window because he was preaching too long, and so
on.
The point is that those were not gifts of the body that are
generally available. We don't see them commonly in the church. You're not one
unless you truly are meeting all the requirements. And similarly, you're not an
apostle just because you dream up the title - you are if Jesus appeared
to you and personally appointed you as one. And as far as we know, that has not
happened since the first century.
So apostles existed for a short period of church history for a
good reason - to establish the Canon of the New Testament and to lead the
church before that Canon was available, before the Word of God showed up in its
full form to lead them. It’s no coincidence that the last living apostle also
wrote the last book of the Bible. Once he had completed that work he was no
longer needed either, and the apostleship ended.
But in the first century, which is, when this letter was written
obviously, there were still apostles. And so there were also those walking
around claiming to be one. Remember, in the second letter Paul wrote to
Corinth, he chastises them for the fact that they were questioning his
authority as an apostle. There is a moment in that letter where he's upset at
the church because from a distance they were believing liars who were telling
them that Paul wasn't actually an apostle and they were claiming to be one
instead.
And Paul wrote back and said, “I don't know by what power you
claim to be an apostle, but I know what power I have, and when I come to you,
we'll see who has real power.” That’s a not-so-subtle threat that if they don't
turn out to be a true apostle, he will have the power to put them to death,
just like Peter did to Ananias and Sapphira.
That's what a real apostle does. And that concern in the early
church is paramount. You have people who claim to be an apostle and are not, and
they're telling you that they can tell you what Scripture says when they don't
know it. And that's why God made that power the power to do miracles because he
didn't want the early church fooled. So He says to them, “I'm glad you're
testing these guys as you should. That's why I gave the Apostle special power
so that you would have a test to apply. And you could know what the truth was.”
And we really shouldn't be worried about apostles today because
such powers are not available in the church. If somebody says they're an
apostle, ask him to do something like raise someone from the dead. That’s the
test. That’s what this church should have been doing. Show me something that
tells me that you are an apostle, because that's the power that God gave
apostles.
So, in the time of the first century, you had people trying to
deceive the church. You had churches like Ephesus that were careful and
attentive to teachers. We don't have the same situation, but we have the same
requirement, that is, you don't just take your teaching from any yahoos who say
they can teach you. They should be able to demonstrate that they know what
they're doing and they test them against the Scriptures. That's what Jesus commends
the church of Ephesus for.
Notice in verse 6, jumping down there for a second, He also
commends them for hating the deeds of the Nicolaitans. Now scholars debate a
little on what this means. Nicolaitans comes from a Greek word that means
“victory over the people”, “judgment over the people”, “victory over the
people”. What it suggests to us is a group of people calling themselves
Nicolaitans, who were looking for some way to “conquer the congregation” and
some believe that that gave rise to a heresy of a ruling class versus the
regular class. Or what we would say today ‘Clergy vs Laity’. That is the
heresy.
The idea that there are special holy people among us that we have
to work through if we want to get to God - that is heresy. And so, in the early
church, apparently there was this group that wanted to establish clergy-like
positions, much in keeping with what pharisaic Judaism has done for centuries
in Judaism. This idea that there are special people we have to go through. Yes,
we have leaders, and you should respect leaders. They have authority for a
reason and they should have your support. The Bible says it's not profitable to
us to make life hard on our leaders, but they're no better than us in any other
sense. They're not specially gifted, necessarily. They're just another member
of the body doing in their gifts what we will do in our gift.
So He hated those who would propose such separation in the Body.
And in learning a lesson from that, Jesus notes, they have accomplished their
deeds consistently, they don't grow weary. These people have a testimony of
persevering even after years. And the Bible says that endurance is a key
ingredient to two things: spiritual maturity and eternal reward. James says
in 5:11:
James 5:11 We count those blessed who endured. You have heard of the
endurance of Job and have seen the outcome of the Lord's dealings, that the
Lord is full of compassion and is merciful.
Remember Job? Imagine if
Job has not been willing to endure chapters 2 through wherever it was before he
finally got restored – if he’s given up halfway, the second half of Job doesn't
get written. Enduring is how we bring ourselves to where God's trying to bring
us in maturity and blessing. And then Hebrews 10: 35 says:
Heb. 10:35 Therefore, do not throw away your confidence, which has a
great reward.
Heb. 10:36 For you have need endurance, so that when you have done the
will of God, you may receive what was promised.
To give up in the call that God has put on your life in serving
Him means forfeiting potentially the reward that you were working toward. Don't
give up, run the race to the end.
So Ephesus is an example to us of discernment against false
teaching, unity when it comes to the idea of Clergy and Laity, and endurance
when it comes to serving Christ.
But it's not all perfect. Let's flip this coin over because Jesus
has critiques here and in one of the most iconic and perhaps chilling
statements that you find certainly in this book, may be in the New Testament,
Jesus says they left their first love.
A statement most of us have probably heard somebody say at one
point or another. Now clearly, it's easy to define what the first love of the
church is. The first love of the church is Jesus. What other loves would come above Jesus in a
believer's heart? What could be your first love other than Jesus? It's what
brings you to faith in the first place. So we know what the first love
is.
But that then causes us to wonder. How can that be true for this
church? How can a church that persevered in His name and fought for the truth
of His word and it was concerned about the unity of the Body - how can we say
they lost their first love? How can that even happen?
The letter gives us a couple of clues, for how that happened in
this case. And it begins with the description. Remember, the description in
each case is relevant to that particular church, and in this case, He reminded
them of who rules His church and that He ministers to His church by means of
angels under His authority, and He guards the church as He walks around it and
so on.
Now look at what you just discovered in this letter, and it's a
bit of an odd dichotomy. You have, on the one hand, a church that's very
resistant to false leaders and very resistant to those who want to put a new
layer of leadership in the Body, a clergy distinction. There they're
anti-clergy, they’re anti-false leaders, anti- false apostles. Yet at the same
time, they don't want Jesus leading them. Isn’t that interesting? He has to
remind them there is somebody in charge.
They left their first love in the sense that a teenager turns from
obedience to defiance. They moved from depending upon and appreciating a
parent's care and support to chafing under that parent's authority. They've
left their first love in the sense that they’ve forgotten the early days of
that relationship, and they've begun to take that relationship for granted.
And a second clue to support this conclusion is found in the
remedy - the remedy that Jesus wants to give this church in verse 5. He tells
them to remember where they have fallen, and do the deeds they did at first.
Now ‘to remember where you have fallen’ means to think about the mis-steps that
have brought you to this bad place and repent of those past mistakes. And the
call to repent here would mean specifically, try a different path, go back to
where you got this wrong and start again on a better path. That's what He's
saying.
And it's especially interesting when you remember what He's just
commended them for, when He said they have deeds, they were active, they were
persevering. But now what you're hearing is the activity wasn't the right
activity. It wasn't motivated by love of Christ. In other words, somewhere
along the way, what was going on in the church of Ephesus, was a community of
people who had lost sight of why Christ put His church on the earth in the
first place and about what church was all about. They left their first
love.
The church in that case had become about something other than
Jesus and the Gospel. That's what it has to mean, because He says they're busy,
so it's not about not actively doing things, it's not about laziness, it is not
about activity and some general sense. And He says they endured so they're
certainly committed. And it says that they care about the name of Christ and
about Scripture. These are not apostate Christians. It's why they did the work
that matters.
No, Jesus is talking about one of the greatest threats to the
mission of the church and it's self-satisfied Christianity. Being
self-satisfied means finding satisfaction in the life you have, rather than in
the life Jesus desires that you would have, while carrying the identity of
Christian. A self-satisfied Christian is not necessarily someone who doesn't
come to church or doesn't get involved in ministry. Remember Ephesus, they were
doing lots of deeds. It's not about staying home, it's not about being
disconnected from the church. A self-satisfied Christian has forgotten Jesus is
in charge, both of the church and of your life.
So you know you're this person, if you come to church every week, sit
in the same pew, say hello to the same people, shake the same hands every time
they do the greeting in the middle of the service, sing the same songs, recite
the same prayers, hear the same vague motivational sermon and forget it just as
fast as you heard it, give the same amount of money, etc. It's comfortable. It asks
nothing of you, it's under your control. And you've left your first love. You
have forgotten why you do this thing called ‘church’. Churches that leave their
first love, are churches that start clinics or hospitals or schools. And at the
time they may have done that, they did it because they wanted to reach the lost
through some other means, perhaps., But in time it just becomes about healing
physical wounds or teaching earthly knowledge, and they forget the
mission.
This happens in a million different ways but always has the same
root cause – people becoming self-satisfied, leaving their first love and
finding something about this world they’d rather control and enjoy than letting
Christ direct their steps.
Because on an individual level, we forget why we're a Christian.
You might find Bible classes or small groups that never read the Bible or talk
about it. Or men’s and women’s groups that fill their calendars with potlucks
and never talk about Jesus, much less doing anything. It's the mission of
sharing Jesus with the world that is the reason we get together in the first
place and that's our first love. And anything else you're doing in church
either feeds your ability to do that better, or it's probably a waste of
time.
Granted, there's fellowship that makes you a better evangelist.
There's prayer that makes you a better evangelist. We’re not saying that the
activity is singular. We’re saying the purpose is singular. Jesus says to think
back where they have fallen. And for all
of us if we're in this situation, we ought to think when it all just become
routine for us. When did it just become “It's Sunday and I have to attend Church”
If that's where you are, shake it up. Do something different. Go back to where
you started. Figure out what went wrong and go somewhere better because you
only got so much time and He's coming back. Don't waste any more.
And if you're busy and it's been a long time since Jesus has been
controlling your calendar or setting your priorities, or if you have a paid position
in church and it's just become the job and the paycheck, if you walk as a
Christian on automatic pilot, Jesus says, as He did to that church, ‘I have
that against you.’
Remember, He runs the church, and since you're a member of the
body, He runs your life, too. And if you're not following Him, if you're not
listening to Him, He's going to tell you, ‘Go back!’ and that's His point here.
The thing is, if you follow Christ even half-heartedly, it's going
to be the from trial to trial, from triumph to triumph kind of adventure. It's
never boring. It's never routine. Because He will not let you become
self-satisfied, because if you do, you’d stop growing.
So if that's not your experience in Christ, go back, start where
it went bad and try a different path. And He is so serious about this concern
that He tells His church - notice verse 5 - there will be a penalty if they
fail to heed His call to repent. He says, ‘I'm coming to you and I'm going to
remove your lampstand out of its place unless you repent.’
Now we know what the stand means - it is the symbol of the church
itself. And since the church in this case was the city of Ephesus, what His
threat essentially means is bringing both the church and the city to an end, so
that there couldn't be a church there anymore.
Back in first Corinthians, Chapter 2: 1 Paul says this:
1 Cor. 2:1 “And when I came to you, brethren, and I did not come with
superiority of speech or of wisdom, proclaiming to you the testimony of God.
1 Cor. 2:2 For I determined to know nothing among you except Jesus
Christ, and Him crucified.”
That could be, I think, a mantra for somebody who is struggling
with self-satisfaction. Go back to the point where you can say to yourself, ‘I
know nothing except Jesus and Him crucified. I don't care about all the other
stuff’. If you can get back to that point, you're probably making progress.
It’s interesting that the name of this church is ‘desired’ or
‘desirable’, because that was their chief problem: they lacked a desire for
Jesus. Instead, they found desire for other things, it appears. So we should
ask the question: what did they do with this? What happened? Did they repent?
Well, we can only assume not. Because by the beginning of the
second century, this city was in steep decline. For reasons that no one is
quite clear on, the harbor just started to silt up. This is the harbor that has
been there for a long, long, long time. But out of nowhere, it started
developing silt washed in by the Mediterranean, and as the silt was deposited
into the harbor, it formed land. And so over time, the city that used to be on
the water ended up being a long way from the water, to the point where it was
no longer a harbor, and no longer a port, and it lost its main source of
income. If you go to Ephesus today and visit the ruins, you’re miles from the
Mediterranean Sea.
If God wants to stop your church, He can do it. He'll change the
geography in order to put a church out of business if He needs to. Jesus promised
He would bring an end to that lampstand and He did.
And then He ends with a piece of encouragement. He says,
‘Nonetheless, no matter what may happen to the church in any one place, that is,
your church might go away, the land may change, no matter, your personal
relationship with Jesus does not change’.
You notice verse 7, He says it's a call to all believers (those
who have ears to hear), that's what He means. To all believers, He says, the
Spirit affirms we will eat of the tree of life.
That's another pattern in all these letters. They always end with
an encouragement to the believer, no matter how bad that church is, and no
matter what they do with this call to repent. To the individual believer, there
is no condemnation from Christ Jesus. No matter what else may go wrong on earth
or in the church, your eternal future in Christ is secure, and in that eternal
future you will receive all that you have been promised. And so in each of the
seven letters, He will make some reference to some detail about the eternal
realm. Here He does about the Tree of Life in Paradise. We'll talk about that
more in Chapter 22.
So, that's what we've done with the first letter. Let's just do a
quick recap. We have a letter now that we've looked at from the literal,
historical perspective. We looked at it from the universal, timeless
perspective, that is, we applied it to ourselves. And we've looked at it now
from the prophetic perspective.
But we still have one question left to answer, and that is, how
does this church represent the first period of the church age?
First, it is easy to say that this church represents the first age
because it's the first letter, so we know where it would start - start at the
outset of the church. When did the church begin? Scripture says that the
official start of the church was Pentecost. Why? Because the definition of a
‘Christian’, according to Paul in Romans Chapter 8, is anyone who has the
indwelling of the Holy Spirit.
And that is the biblical definition of a Christian. It is the one
who has the indwelling of the Holy Spirit, which comes as a matter of your
confession of faith. To be born again by faith in Jesus is to receive the Holy
Spirit because it is the Spirit of God who gives you that rebirth. It's all one
moment.
But what we're saying is this: just because you sit in a church
doesn't make you a Christian. No more than sitting in your garage makes you a
car.
So there are people who think they're Christian because they
associate with Christians or because they participate in ‘Christian’ activities
but they've not believed or received the Gospel - they have not been born again
by the Spirit of God - and though we can't tell who is who, necessarily, God
knows what he does.
And there is a Spirit in those who believe, and there is not the
Spirit of God in those who don't believe. And so the church had a moment in
which the Spirit of God began to indwell in us, and that was Pentecost.
And that became the moment when a believer was a member of the
church, as opposed to, for example, John the Baptist, as just an example. He
was a believer, but he died before Pentecost, so he never had the indwelling of
the Holy Spirit in the way you and I do. He was not part of the church. He was
just an Old Testament saint, or, technically, kind of a New Testament saint,
but not part of the church.
The church is those who have the indwelling of the Holy Spirit. By
definition that started at Pentecost. So that was the start of the church. This
letter would be telling us about how the early church got started following
that moment, giving us an overview.
And what do we know about the early church? What we know from Acts
Chapter 2 is that the early church was fully aware of their first love and very
much attentive to Him. We read in Acts chapter 2 about how they were
continually devoting themselves to the apostles teaching and to prayer. And
they had a feeling of a sense of awe. And they were selling all their
possessions and giving the money to those in need in the church. There was
harmony, they were continually in one mind in the temple, breaking bread from
house to house, just doing things that were filling their day. And this was all
they were doing every day for a while, really engaging with their first
love.
The reason that was happening in the early churches was because
there was a sense in the very beginning that Jesus was going to return pretty
quickly. And, of course, at some point, as time went on, they began to
understand it wasn't going to be quite that fast. And as that realization took
hold, things had to change. The church had to exist in the world. They had to
find a balance between looking forward to eternity with Jesus and just making a
living today in the world. And their pattern in the earliest days of the church
wasn't sustainable in that respect. They were enthusiastic in a way that didn't
promote the mission of the church. They were kind of all huddled up in the
temple waiting for Jesus. And as they figured out that wasn't the plan, they
began to move out, and Jesus encouraged them to move out by persecution in
Jerusalem.
During the first century, what you see in the nature of the church
mirrors what we see in this letter. Generally, the church held to sound
teaching because you had the apostles themselves alive and teaching and leading
the church. And as a result, the church was generally resistant to false
doctrine. That's why we have now the New Testament canon preserved for us in
the way that it does. Because the apostles in that first century were doing
their job and held us together. And it was an impressive time of work. The
gospel moved from Jerusalem to every known place in the world. By the time you
get to the end of the first century, it's gone to Spain, it's set up in Rome
and it’s gone as far as we know in that time on earth.
And there was a sense of perseverance against both Jewish
persecution and Roman persecution. The false teachers that tried to infiltrate
the church and establish biblical leadership were put down. And so all the
positive things Jesus says about Ephesus held true in the first century, by and
large.
But as the century progressed, and particularly toward the very
end of that century, the church began to change in ways that mirror the
negative comments of this letter. For example, Jewish Christians had largely
died out and in their place had come Gentile Christians for the most part. And
those Gentile Christians brought pagan influences, and they began to enter the
church by the thousands.
And those Gentile believers were far more willing to mix with the
culture than their Jewish predecessors, because Jews had always been set out
from the culture and opposed to the Roman pagan way of doing things. But the
Gentiles that came in were coming out of that culture. They were perfectly
happy to mix, and you see some of that in the letter Paul wrote to Corinth -
both in the first and the second letter - of the mixing of the two worlds and
the problems it was creating.
Many of those believers, as a result, ended up self-satisfied,
busy building the church. But they did so in the way Romans built Roman
society. They did it for its own sake, just to have a building, just to have a
presence in the city. And what did Jesus do to shake up the self-satisfaction
of the first century church? In Ephesus, what did He do?
He took away their place as a church. He took away the church's
place of privilege and security in the Roman Empire where before they could be
self-satisfied, eat in the temple on Friday night, go to the church service on
Saturday or Sunday and repeat that every week and feel like they had found
their way to God, the whole time doing very little to actually follow Him in
the ways that He had expected.
Jesus shook them up. And He allowed sustained, widespread
persecution to enter into the church at the end of the first century. And in
doing so, He purified it. He broke it free of self-satisfaction. Look, if
you're just in it for the fun and persecution breaks out, you're done with
church. If you're in it because you love Jesus, you stick around. That's why
persecution is so helpful to the character of the church. What remained behind
was a true committed Body that suddenly remembered what it means to be a slave
of Jesus and what it means to suffer for Christ. That enters into the second
letter.
The second letter picks up that point, and you know what the word
Smyrna means? ‘Death’. Coincidence? We’ll see.
So Ephesus would be the first church as we just studied. And now
we have to put dates to it to finish this part of the study. And we’re going to
call it AD 30 to 100. Now there is no science to these dates. That's not the
point of this exercise. The point is the progression. At some point, the nature
of the church had changed from what was true in the very earliest days to
something new and different.
What was that change? Well, roughly at the end of the first
century, persecution breaks out. That's when history records that Domitian, the
emperor of Rome, began systematic persecution of the church in the AD 90s. So
it corresponds neatly with about 100 AD.
So what we learned is that the early church had this progression
from first love to self-satisfaction, and Jesus doesn't condone that. And He
shakes the church up and brings it into a period of persecution, which is the
chief nature of the Church of Smyrna., And we'll come back to that in
Revelation 2 (III) Seven Churches: Smyrna.
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